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2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(1): 35-39, feb. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583020

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones bacteriémicas son más frecuentes en el paciente cirrótico que en la población general. Se identificaron retrospectivamente 59 pacientes cirróticos con bacteriemia, hospitalizados entre los años 2005 y 2008. La bacteriemia sin foco fue la más frecuente (29 por ciento), seguida de aquellas de origen pulmonar (22 por ciento). Cincuenta y dos por ciento de los agentes aislados correspondieron a cocáceas grampositivas y 48 por ciento a bacilos gramnegativos, siendo estos últimos los agentes predominantes en las bacteriemias nosocomiales. Los principales agentes aislados fueron Staphylococcns aureus (24 por ciento) y Escherichia col i (22 por ciento). La mortalidad de los pacientes cirróticos bacteriémicos fue mayor que la del total de cirróticos hospitalizados (37 vs 9,4 por ciento; p < 0,001) y la medición del puntaje de MELD a las 72 horas se correlacionó significativamente con la mortalidad. Conclusión: La bacteriemia es una complicación grave del paciente cirrótico y el MELD podría ser útil en su categorización de riesgo.


Bacteremic infections are more frequent in patients with cirrhosis, as their immune system is compromised. Series of cirrhotic patients with bacteremia has seldom been reported in Chile. We retrospectively collected, from 2005 to 2008, 59 episodes of bacteremia in cirrhotics representing 9 percent of the overall number of bacteremic episodes seen in our center in the period. Spontaneous bacteremia accounted for 29 percent followed by those of pulmonary origin (22 percent). Grampositive cocci and gramnegative bacilli were responsible in 52 percent and 48 percent respectively, however gramnegative rods predominated in nosocomial bacteremias. Overall, the most frequent organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (24 percent) and Escherichia col i (22 percent). Mortality in bacteremic patients was significantly higher compared with all cirrhotic patients hospitalized in the period (37.0 vs 9.4 percent; p < 0.001) and MELD score was significantly correlated with mortality. Conclusion: bacteremia is a severe complication of cirrhosis and MELD score could be a useful tool to stratify risk in these patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bacteremia/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Bacteremia/mortality , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/mortality , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/mortality , Liver Cirrhosis/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 27(5): 417-422, oct. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572007

ABSTRACT

La infección por Bartonella henselae se presenta característicamente con adenopatías regionales y fiebre de intensidad variable, entidad conocida como “enfermedad por arañazo de gato”. Alrededor de 5 a 10 por ciento de los casos desarrolla compromiso ocular, entre los que destacan el síndrome óculo-glandular de Parinaud, la neuro-retinitis y la retino-coroiditis focal. A continuación se presentan dos pacientes con infección aguda por B. henselae y compromiso ocular. Ambos recibieron tratamiento y evolucionaron con recuperación completa de la visión.


Cat scratch disease is the main clinical presentation of Bartonella henselae infection. However, ocular manifestations of bartonellosis occur in about 5 to 10 percent of the patients, mainly presenting as neuroretinitis, choroiditis or oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud. We describe two patients with documented B. henselae infection and typical ocular compromise. Both patients were treated and had a favorable visual outcome.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Cats , Humans , Male , Cat-Scratch Disease/complications , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Retinitis/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bartonella henselae/isolation & purification , Cat-Scratch Disease/diagnosis , Cat-Scratch Disease/drug therapy , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Fundus Oculi , Retinitis/diagnosis
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 26(2): 156-161, abr. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-518474

ABSTRACT

Multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection represents a new clinical challenge and it burdens threat. The association with HIV/AIDS makes very hard to treat these two co-infections. We present a patient of 30 years oíd whose HIV infection was diagnosed 4 years before, and acquired M. tuberculosis pericarditis without response to initial treatment because of a multidrug resistant TB strain. We describe the clinical management, outcome and final recovery of the patient. The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of TB pericarditis in HIV positive patients are reviewed.


La infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi-resistente representa una nueva y grave amenaza. La asociación con infección por VIH/SIDA vuelve muy complejo el tratamiento exitoso de ambas infecciones. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 30 años de edad, con cuatro años de diagnóstico de infección por VIH, que desarrolló una pericarditis por M tuberculosis sin una respuesta favorable inicial al tratamiento debido a que se trataba de una cepa multi-resistente. Se describe el manejo médico, evolución y recuperación final del paciente. Se revisa la epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la pericarditis TBC en pacientes con infección por VIH.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Pericarditis, Tuberculous/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Pericarditis, Tuberculous/diagnosis , Pericarditis, Tuberculous/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(5): 342-349, oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-495864

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes, rare pathogen in the general population, causes serious infections in patients at the extreme ages of life, pregnant woman, and those with immunosuppression. The clinical manifestations are essential to suspect the disease in patients at risk, allowing an early prescription of antimicrobial therapy, before the results of the cultures are available. Clinical course and prognosis depends on how early treatment is started and, in pregnant women, the gestational age. In Clínica Alemana, at Santiago, we detected a 15 fold rate rise of neonatal listeriosis between year 2007 and 2008. Ten cases were diagnosed between January and July 2008 and the seven cases occurring in pregnant women are reported here. All these patients were in their first pregnancy, which could be associated with similar lifestyle and food habits. Considering this new epidemiological scenario, it is important to educate the population, and to conduct an epidemiological study in order to determine the national situation of Listeria monocytogenes infection.


Listeria monocytogenes, es un patógeno poco frecuente en la población general, causante de infecciones graves en pacientes en edades extremas de la vida, mujeres embarazadas e inmunodeprimidos. La sospecha de la enfermedad en pacientes de riesgo se basa principalmente en el cuadro clínico, lo que permite iniciar un tratamiento empírico antes de contar con los resultados de los cultivos. La evolución y pronóstico dependen de la precocidad con que se inicia la terapia y de la edad gestacional. En Clínica Alemana de Santiago detectamos un aumento de 15 veces en la tasa de listeriosis comparando el año 2007 con el 2008. Entre enero y julio 2008, se diagnosticaron 10 casos, de los cuales siete fueron en primigestas, lo que podría tener relación con un hábito alimentario y características de vida similar. Es fundamental, a la vista de esta nueva realidad epidemiológica, educar a la población en hábitos alimentarios y de higiene, como también realizar un estudio epidemiológico que determine la situación nacional de infección por L. monocytogenes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Listeria monocytogenes , Listeriosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Chile/epidemiology , Incidence , Life Style , Listeriosis/diagnosis , Listeriosis/drug therapy , Listeriosis/epidemiology , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Listeria monocytogenes/pathogenicity , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology
6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 20(4): 253-256, 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387923

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 45 años portador de VIH que desarrolló osteoporosis secundaria a 33 meses de exposición a sulfato de indinavir como parte de su terapia antiretroviral (TAR). Su manejo consistió en alendronato, calcio y vitamina D junto con modificación de su TAR: suspensión de indinavir e inicio de efavirenz. Luego de 16 meses de tratamiento se verificó un incremento en la densidad mineral ósea de 11 por ciento en promedio. No ocurrieron fracturas ni se constató efectos adversos o interacciones medicamentosas. Se revisa la literatura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Alendronate/therapeutic use , Indinavir/adverse effects , Osteoporosis/chemically induced , Osteoporosis/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 20(supl.1): 87-91, 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-387944

ABSTRACT

La sepsis es un complejo síndrome que puede progresar a la falla multiorgánica y a la muerte. A pesar de todos los avances sigue teniendo alta mortalidad y constituyendo una importante carga económica. Además del manejo hemodinámico ventilatorio y metabólico existe evidencia para incorporar el uso de corticosteroides y proteína C activada. El control de la sepsis en el futuro está en la interrupción de la cascada inflamatoria. El manejo de sólo una de las vertientes de esta respuesta está destinado al fracaso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intensive Care Units , Sepsis/drug therapy , Shock, Septic/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(9): 1061-1064, sept. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-302038

ABSTRACT

We report two male patients with AlDS, aged 23 and 30 years old respectively. One was admitted due to a progressive weakness of the left leg and urinary and fecal incontinence. The other was admitted due to a progressive paraparesia without incontinence, but with a severe lumbar pain. In both patients polymerase chain reactions for cytomegalovirus in cerebrospinal fluid were positive. Treatment with ganciclovir, for 21 and 14 days respectively and highly active antiretroviral therapy was started. Both patients experienced recovery of their neurological deficits after 98 and 88 days of therapy, respectively


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Polyradiculopathy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Paresis , Polyradiculopathy , Ganciclovir , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Cytomegalovirus Infections
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(10): 1139-43, oct. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277208

ABSTRACT

Type B lactic acidosis occurs without any evidence of cellular hypoxia and is associated with the use of drugs or toxins. We report a 36 years old woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that was admitted to the hospital with a severe lactic acidosis. She had been treated with didanosine, stavudine and efavirenz for four months prior to admission. Despite the use of high bicarbonate doses and vasoactive drugs, the patient had a catastrophic evolution and died in shock and multiple organ failure, 68 hours after admission


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Acidosis, Lactic/chemically induced , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Didanosine/adverse effects , Stavudine/adverse effects , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Lactic Acid/biosynthesis , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Acidosis, Lactic/diagnosis , Acidosis, Lactic/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(10): 1263-9, oct. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164901

ABSTRACT

Nocardia asteroide infections, an aerobic actinomycete, have several forms and lungs, skin and brain are the organs most frequently involved. When the infection suspected, special staining methods must be ordered to identify the agent. We report three immunocompetent patients with disseminated nocardiosis, 2 presenting with nodular lesions of skin and lungs and one presenting with pulmonary involvement and brain abscesses. The importance of clinical suspicion and early diagnosis of nocardiosis is emphasized


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Immunocompetence/physiology , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , Nocardia asteroides/pathogenicity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(3): 334-40, mar. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-151190

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections may have different clinical presentations that may range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to purulent collections and severe sepsis. We report 6 diabetic patients, 3 presenting with a renal carbuncle and 3 with an emphysematous pyelonephritis. All required medical and surgical treatment and had a good evolution. Two carbuncles were caused by beta-hemolitic type B streptococcus. This is the second notification of this agent as causative of renal abscesses, probably reaching the kidney through hematogenous dissemination from cutaneous foci


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Pyelonephritis/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/surgery , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urine/microbiology , Ultrasonography , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Anthrax/complications , Nephrectomy , Subcutaneous Emphysema/complications , Hepatitis, Alcoholic/complications
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